Cerita Jaka Tarub and Nawang Wulan bahasa inggris
Jaka Tarub was a handsome and diligent young man. He lived in a village near a lake. One day, when Jaka Tarub passed the lake, he heard some giggles and laughs of some girls who were bathing in the lake. He was curious, so he peeped through the bushes. There were seven beautiful girls in the lake. They’re fairies from the heavenly kingdom of kahyangan. Jaka Tarub saw a scarf near the bushes. It belonged to one of the fairies. Jaka Tarub then took it and hid it.
Crack!!! Accidentally, Jaka Tarub stepped on a twig. “There’s someone!” said one of the fairies. “Let’s get back. Hurry!” she said. They pulled over and wear their scarf. “Where is my scarf?” one of the fairies couldn’t find her scarf. She was the youngest fairy called Nawang Wulan. They tried to search for it, but it was no where to be found. “We’re sorry, Wulan. We have to go back to kahyangan,” said the eldest fairy. “You’ll have to find it by yourself. We’ll wait for you in kahyangan,” she said in empathy. The other fairies then flew to the sky leaving Nawang Wulan behind. Nawang Wulan saw them leaving in tears. She was so sad.
“Excuse me …,” said Jaka Tarub, startling Nawang Wulan. “Are you okay?” he asked. Nawang Wulan moved backward, “Who are you?” she asked. “My name is Jaka Tarub. I was passing by and I heard you crying, so I came to see what happen,” Jaka Tarub lied. Nawang Wulan then told him about her problem. “I can’t fly without my scarf,” she said. Jaka Tarub then asked Nawang Wulan to come home with him. At first, Nawang Wulan refused the offer. But since she didn’t have anywhere else to go, Nawang Wulan then decided to follow Jaka Tarub.
Nawang Wulan stayed with Jaka Tarub in the village. A month passed, and they decided to get married. Nawang Wulan was willing to marry a human because she fell in love with Jaka Tarub. After a year, they had a beautiful daughter. They named her Kumalasari. They lived happily.
Jaka Tarub was also happy to live with Nawang Wulan and Kumalasari. Especially because he always got a lot of harvest since he married Nawang Wulan. He couldn’t even keep all of his harvest in the barn because it was always full. “It’s so weird. Nawang Wulan cooked everyday, but why is my barn always full,” Jaka Tarub mumbled to himself. He was so curious. One day, Jaka Tarub stayed at home. “I want to stay home today. I’d like to play with Kumalasari,” he said to his wife. “Well, I’ll go to the river to wash the clothes. Please keep an eye on Kumalasari,” asked Nawang Wulan. “I’m cooking rice now. Please do not open the pan cover before it’s done,” she said just before she left. “Could this be the secret?” Jaka Tarub thought. After Nawang Wulan left, he curiously opened the pan cover. He found only one single paddy. “How come?” he wondered.
Before lunch, Nawang Wulan came home. She headed to the kitchen to see the rice she had cooked. She found that the rice turned into only a few grains. “Did you open the pan cover?” she asked her husband. “I… I’m sorry. I was curious,” Jaka Tarub said as he realized his fault.
Ever since, Nawang Wulan had lost her power. She couldn’t cook rice with only a single paddy. Their paddy supply was slowly lessened. Their barn was almost empty. One day, Nawang Wulan went to the barn to get some paddy. When she took one of them, she found a scarf. “What’s this? This is my scarf,” said Nawang Wulan startled.
That night, Nawang Wulan asked her husband about the scarf. Jaka Tarub’s eyes widened, “You found it?” he asked. Jaka Tarub looked down and asked for her forgiveness. “Because I’ve found my scarf, it’s time for me to go back to where I belong,” Nawang Wulan said. Jaka Tarub tried to stop her, but Nawang Wulan had made up her mind. “Please take good care of Kumalasari,” she said. “If she wanted to see me, take seven grains of candlenut and put it into a basket. Shake it as you play the bamboo flute. I’ll come to see her,” she explained.
Jaka Tarub promised to take good care of their daughter. He once again asked for forgiveness for all of his mistakes. “I’ve forgiven you, so you don’t have to feel guilty. I must go now. Take care,” said Nawang Wulan as she flew to the bright full moon.**
Rabu, 18 April 2012
tentang pronouns dan adjective clause
Subject Pronouns
Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai subjek kata kerja adalah I, you, he, she, it, we, dan they. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
- Lisa likes cats. She has four cats.
Pada kalimat pertama, Lisa (proper noun) adalah subjek kalimat atau subjek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, she adalah subjek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk Lisa.
Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai subjek:
- My name is Michael. I am fourteen.
- My father works hard. He works in a factory.
- My sister is older than me. She is twelve.
- Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.
- Bob, you are a bad boy!
- David and I are playing football. We like sports.
- Jim and Jeff are my brothers. They are older than I am.
Object Pronouns
Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai objek kata kerja adalah me, you, him, her, it, us dan them. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
- Lisa likes cats. She likes to stroke them.
Pada kalimat pertama, cats adalah objek kalimat atau objek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, them adalah objek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk cats.
Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai objek:
- I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.
- Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.
- Where is John? I need to speak to him.
- Miss Garcia is very nice. All the children like her.
- The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.
- Uncle Harry called Mary to ask her a question.
- My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.
Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, pembicara atau orang yang berbicara disebut dengan orang pertama (first person), sedangkan yang diajak berbicara adalah orang kedua (second person), dan orang yang dibicarakan disebut sebagai orang ketiga (third person).
Berikut ini adalah tabel kata ganti untuk orang pertama, kedua, dan ketiga.
Pengertian
• Personal Pronoun:
Kata ganti untuk mengacu pada orang yang yang diajak bicara atau orang yang dibicarakan. Diantaranya, you; they dll.
• Pronoun yang menunjukkan yang berbicara (the speaker):
first person (Orang pertama): orang yang berbicara→orang I
second person (orang kedua): orang yang diajak bicara→orang II
third person (orang ketiga)→orang yang dibicarakan→orang III
• Personal Pronoun:
1. Personal Pronoun as subject (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai subject)
2. Personal Pronoun as object (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai object)
Personal Pronoun as Subject
• Personal Pronoun as Subject (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai Subject):
Tunggal:
Orang I : I (saya)
Orang II : you (kamu)
Orang III :
he (dia–laki-laki
she (dia-perempuan)
it (dia /ini/ itu-benda atau hewan tunggal)
• Jamak:
Orang I : we (kami atau kita)
Orang II : you (kalian)
Orang III : they (mereka)
•Dalam kalimat affirmative (+) , personal pronoun sebagai subject terlatak di awal kalimat, sesuai dengan pola kalimat dasar bahasa Inggris : S V O K
•Contoh penggunaan personal pronoun as subject dalam kalimat:
1.I am happy. (Saya bahagia)
2.You are very kind. (Kamu sangat baik hati)
3.Are you angry with me? (Apakah kamu marah pada saya?
4.He is a student. (Dia seorang pelajar)
5.Is he your son? (Apakah dia anak lelaki kamu?)
6.That is Miss Ida. She is not a nurse. (Itu Miss Ida. Dia bukan seorang perawat)
7.They hope us to come. (Mereka mengharapkan kita datang)
8.I would like to visit you someday, Mr and Mrs Douglas. (Saya ingin mengunjungi anda sekalian suatu hari nanti, Mr dan Mrs Douglas)
•Contoh- contoh lain
1.I really adore him. (Saya sunguh-sungguh memujanya.)
2.Do you want me to help you? ( Apakah kamu ingin membantu saya?)
3.He does not love you, I think. ( Dia (l) tidak mencintai anda, saya rasa)
4.She lives around here, doesn't she? (Dia tinggal di sekitar sisni, kan?
5.What did she say? (Apa yang dia (p) katakan?
6.It is a tiger, isn't it? (Dia ( bin) seekor harimau, kan?)
7.Is it a DVD or a CD? (apakah dia (benda) sebuah DVD atau sebuah CD?)
8.A: Where are you from? (Dari mana kalian?)
B and C : We are from the market. (Kami dari pasar)
9.A: Who will come with Grandma? (Siapa yang akan ikut Nenek?
A: I think we all have to go with her: Tina, Nana, you and I. (Menurutku kita semua harus ikut Nenek: Tina, Nina, kamu adan saya)
10.A: Where are your father and your mother? Are they at home? ( Di manakah ayah dan ibu kalian? Apakah mereka di rumah)
B and C: No. They are out right now.
Personal Pronoun as Object
•Personal Pronoun as Object (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai Object):
Tunggal:
Orang I : me
Orang II : you
Orang III : him (dia-laki-laki)
her (dia-perempuan)
it (dia/ini/itu-benda atau hewan tunggal)
Jamak:
Orang I : us (kami atau kita)
Orang II : you (kalian)
Orang III : them (mereka)
•Contoh penggunaan Personal pronoun as Object:
Do you love me? (Apakah kamu mencintai saya?)
I love you. (Saya cinta kamu.)
Nice to meet you. (senang bertemu kamu)
Look at the man over there. Do you know him? (Lihatlah ke lelaki di sana. Apakah kamu mengenal dia?
She is speaking. Listen to her. (Dia sedang berbicara. Dengarkan dia)
This is my mother. I love her very much. (Ini adalah ibuku. Saya sangat mencintai dia)
This is a very good book. I like it. (Ini adalah sebuah buku yang baik. Saya menyukainya)
They hope us to come. (Mereka mengharapkan kita datang)
I would like to visit you someday, Mr and Mrs Douglas. (Saya ingin mengunjungi anda
sekalian suatu hari nanti, Mr dan Mrs Douglas)
These are my grandparents. I will visit them. (Ini adalah kakek-nenekku. Saya akan mengunjungi mereka)
Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)
Materi tentang adjective clause atau relative clause adalah salah satu materi yang harus dikuasai dengan baik oleh siswa SMA, SMK, hingga mahasiswa perguruan tinggi. Selain dibutuhkan dalam penyusunan dan penulisan kalimat berbahasa Inggris yang efisien, adjective clause atau relative clause juga merupakan salah satu testing point yang selalu diujikan dalam test TOEFL, TOEIC, dan Ujian Akhir Nasional (UAN). Karena itu, setelah mengenal sekilas tentang adjective clause atau relative clause, sekarang kita akan mempelajarinya secara lebih terperinci lagi.
1. Adjective Clause Using Subject Pronouns: Who, Which, That
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Subject Pronouns: "Who", "Which", "That"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. He runs a successful business. I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business.
I will introduce you to a friend that runs a successful business.
The book is about religion. It has raised controversy. The book which has raised controversy is about religion.
The book that has raised controversy is about religion.
Notes:
• "Who", "which", atau "that" adalah subyek dalam adjective clause.
• "Who" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang.
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).
2. Adjective Clause Using Object Pronouns: Who(m), Which, That
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Object Pronouns: "Who(m)", "Which", "That"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. You have never met him before. I will introduce you to a friend (who(m)) you have never met before.
I will introduce you to a friend (that) you have never met before.
The book is about religion. I bought it in Gramedia bookstore last week. The book (which) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
The book (that) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
The song was very popular in 1990's. I am listening to it. The song to which I am listening was very popular in 1990's.
The song (which) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's.
The song (that) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's.
Notes:
• "Whom" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang, umumnya digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris formal. Untuk bahasa Inggris informal dan percakapan, "who" lebih sering dipakai menggantikan "whom".
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).
• Pada bahasa Inggris percakapan (lisan), "who", "which", atau "that" seringkali dihilangkan.
3. Adjective Clause Using Whose
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Whose"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. His interest is learning English. I will introduce you to a friend whose interest is learning English.
The old lady has a painting. Its value is inestimable. The old lady has a painting whose value is inestimable.
Notes:
•Dalam adjective clause atau relative clause, "whose" digunakan untuk menunjukkan milik, menggantikan "his", "her", "its", atau "their".
•Sebagaimana "his", "her", "its", dan "their", "Whose" selalu diikuti kata benda.
•"Whose" tidak bisa dihilangkan.
4. Adjective Clause Using Where
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Where"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will take you to the restaurant. I usually have lunch there (at the restaurant). I will take you to the restaurant where I usually have lunch.
I will take you to the restaurant at which I usually have lunch.
I will take you to the restaurant (which) I usually have lunch at.
The old lady has sold the house. She has lived there (in the house) for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house where she has lived for more than twenty years.
The old lady has sold the house in which she has lived for more than twenty years.
The old lady has sold the house (which) she has lived in for more than twenty years.
Notes:
• "Where" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan tempat.
• Jika "where" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan tempat (seperti in, from, to, at, on, under, above) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition harus ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)
5. Adjective Clause Using When
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "When"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
We will never forget the day. My wife gave birth to my first son then (on that day). We will never forget the day when my wife gave birth to my first son.
We will never forget the day on which my wife gave birth to my first son.
We will never forget the day (that) my wife gave birth to my first son.
August is the month. The weather gets very windy then (in August). August is the month when the weather gets very windy.
August is the month in which the weather gets very windy.
August is the month (that) the weather gets very windy.
Notes:
•"When" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan waktu.
•Jika "when" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan waktu (seperti in, on, at) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)
Want to learn more about Adjective Clause?
Untuk mengetahui apakah penulisan adjective clause harus menggunakan koma "," atau tidak, baca "Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)".
Untuk mengetahui posisi adjective clause sebagai testing point dalam test TOEFL, baca Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point.
Read more: http://www.misterguru.web.id/2011/09/adjective-clause-relative-clause.html#ixzz1sLP9DMML
Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai subjek kata kerja adalah I, you, he, she, it, we, dan they. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
- Lisa likes cats. She has four cats.
Pada kalimat pertama, Lisa (proper noun) adalah subjek kalimat atau subjek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, she adalah subjek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk Lisa.
Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai subjek:
- My name is Michael. I am fourteen.
- My father works hard. He works in a factory.
- My sister is older than me. She is twelve.
- Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.
- Bob, you are a bad boy!
- David and I are playing football. We like sports.
- Jim and Jeff are my brothers. They are older than I am.
Object Pronouns
Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai objek kata kerja adalah me, you, him, her, it, us dan them. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
- Lisa likes cats. She likes to stroke them.
Pada kalimat pertama, cats adalah objek kalimat atau objek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, them adalah objek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk cats.
Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai objek:
- I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.
- Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.
- Where is John? I need to speak to him.
- Miss Garcia is very nice. All the children like her.
- The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.
- Uncle Harry called Mary to ask her a question.
- My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.
Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, pembicara atau orang yang berbicara disebut dengan orang pertama (first person), sedangkan yang diajak berbicara adalah orang kedua (second person), dan orang yang dibicarakan disebut sebagai orang ketiga (third person).
Berikut ini adalah tabel kata ganti untuk orang pertama, kedua, dan ketiga.
Pengertian
• Personal Pronoun:
Kata ganti untuk mengacu pada orang yang yang diajak bicara atau orang yang dibicarakan. Diantaranya, you; they dll.
• Pronoun yang menunjukkan yang berbicara (the speaker):
first person (Orang pertama): orang yang berbicara→orang I
second person (orang kedua): orang yang diajak bicara→orang II
third person (orang ketiga)→orang yang dibicarakan→orang III
• Personal Pronoun:
1. Personal Pronoun as subject (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai subject)
2. Personal Pronoun as object (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai object)
Personal Pronoun as Subject
• Personal Pronoun as Subject (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai Subject):
Tunggal:
Orang I : I (saya)
Orang II : you (kamu)
Orang III :
he (dia–laki-laki
she (dia-perempuan)
it (dia /ini/ itu-benda atau hewan tunggal)
• Jamak:
Orang I : we (kami atau kita)
Orang II : you (kalian)
Orang III : they (mereka)
•Dalam kalimat affirmative (+) , personal pronoun sebagai subject terlatak di awal kalimat, sesuai dengan pola kalimat dasar bahasa Inggris : S V O K
•Contoh penggunaan personal pronoun as subject dalam kalimat:
1.I am happy. (Saya bahagia)
2.You are very kind. (Kamu sangat baik hati)
3.Are you angry with me? (Apakah kamu marah pada saya?
4.He is a student. (Dia seorang pelajar)
5.Is he your son? (Apakah dia anak lelaki kamu?)
6.That is Miss Ida. She is not a nurse. (Itu Miss Ida. Dia bukan seorang perawat)
7.They hope us to come. (Mereka mengharapkan kita datang)
8.I would like to visit you someday, Mr and Mrs Douglas. (Saya ingin mengunjungi anda sekalian suatu hari nanti, Mr dan Mrs Douglas)
•Contoh- contoh lain
1.I really adore him. (Saya sunguh-sungguh memujanya.)
2.Do you want me to help you? ( Apakah kamu ingin membantu saya?)
3.He does not love you, I think. ( Dia (l) tidak mencintai anda, saya rasa)
4.She lives around here, doesn't she? (Dia tinggal di sekitar sisni, kan?
5.What did she say? (Apa yang dia (p) katakan?
6.It is a tiger, isn't it? (Dia ( bin) seekor harimau, kan?)
7.Is it a DVD or a CD? (apakah dia (benda) sebuah DVD atau sebuah CD?)
8.A: Where are you from? (Dari mana kalian?)
B and C : We are from the market. (Kami dari pasar)
9.A: Who will come with Grandma? (Siapa yang akan ikut Nenek?
A: I think we all have to go with her: Tina, Nana, you and I. (Menurutku kita semua harus ikut Nenek: Tina, Nina, kamu adan saya)
10.A: Where are your father and your mother? Are they at home? ( Di manakah ayah dan ibu kalian? Apakah mereka di rumah)
B and C: No. They are out right now.
Personal Pronoun as Object
•Personal Pronoun as Object (Kata Ganti Orang sebagai Object):
Tunggal:
Orang I : me
Orang II : you
Orang III : him (dia-laki-laki)
her (dia-perempuan)
it (dia/ini/itu-benda atau hewan tunggal)
Jamak:
Orang I : us (kami atau kita)
Orang II : you (kalian)
Orang III : them (mereka)
•Contoh penggunaan Personal pronoun as Object:
Do you love me? (Apakah kamu mencintai saya?)
I love you. (Saya cinta kamu.)
Nice to meet you. (senang bertemu kamu)
Look at the man over there. Do you know him? (Lihatlah ke lelaki di sana. Apakah kamu mengenal dia?
She is speaking. Listen to her. (Dia sedang berbicara. Dengarkan dia)
This is my mother. I love her very much. (Ini adalah ibuku. Saya sangat mencintai dia)
This is a very good book. I like it. (Ini adalah sebuah buku yang baik. Saya menyukainya)
They hope us to come. (Mereka mengharapkan kita datang)
I would like to visit you someday, Mr and Mrs Douglas. (Saya ingin mengunjungi anda
sekalian suatu hari nanti, Mr dan Mrs Douglas)
These are my grandparents. I will visit them. (Ini adalah kakek-nenekku. Saya akan mengunjungi mereka)
Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)
Materi tentang adjective clause atau relative clause adalah salah satu materi yang harus dikuasai dengan baik oleh siswa SMA, SMK, hingga mahasiswa perguruan tinggi. Selain dibutuhkan dalam penyusunan dan penulisan kalimat berbahasa Inggris yang efisien, adjective clause atau relative clause juga merupakan salah satu testing point yang selalu diujikan dalam test TOEFL, TOEIC, dan Ujian Akhir Nasional (UAN). Karena itu, setelah mengenal sekilas tentang adjective clause atau relative clause, sekarang kita akan mempelajarinya secara lebih terperinci lagi.
1. Adjective Clause Using Subject Pronouns: Who, Which, That
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Subject Pronouns: "Who", "Which", "That"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. He runs a successful business. I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business.
I will introduce you to a friend that runs a successful business.
The book is about religion. It has raised controversy. The book which has raised controversy is about religion.
The book that has raised controversy is about religion.
Notes:
• "Who", "which", atau "that" adalah subyek dalam adjective clause.
• "Who" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang.
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).
2. Adjective Clause Using Object Pronouns: Who(m), Which, That
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Object Pronouns: "Who(m)", "Which", "That"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. You have never met him before. I will introduce you to a friend (who(m)) you have never met before.
I will introduce you to a friend (that) you have never met before.
The book is about religion. I bought it in Gramedia bookstore last week. The book (which) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
The book (that) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
The song was very popular in 1990's. I am listening to it. The song to which I am listening was very popular in 1990's.
The song (which) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's.
The song (that) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's.
Notes:
• "Whom" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang, umumnya digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris formal. Untuk bahasa Inggris informal dan percakapan, "who" lebih sering dipakai menggantikan "whom".
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).
• Pada bahasa Inggris percakapan (lisan), "who", "which", atau "that" seringkali dihilangkan.
3. Adjective Clause Using Whose
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Whose"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. His interest is learning English. I will introduce you to a friend whose interest is learning English.
The old lady has a painting. Its value is inestimable. The old lady has a painting whose value is inestimable.
Notes:
•Dalam adjective clause atau relative clause, "whose" digunakan untuk menunjukkan milik, menggantikan "his", "her", "its", atau "their".
•Sebagaimana "his", "her", "its", dan "their", "Whose" selalu diikuti kata benda.
•"Whose" tidak bisa dihilangkan.
4. Adjective Clause Using Where
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Where"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will take you to the restaurant. I usually have lunch there (at the restaurant). I will take you to the restaurant where I usually have lunch.
I will take you to the restaurant at which I usually have lunch.
I will take you to the restaurant (which) I usually have lunch at.
The old lady has sold the house. She has lived there (in the house) for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house where she has lived for more than twenty years.
The old lady has sold the house in which she has lived for more than twenty years.
The old lady has sold the house (which) she has lived in for more than twenty years.
Notes:
• "Where" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan tempat.
• Jika "where" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan tempat (seperti in, from, to, at, on, under, above) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition harus ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)
5. Adjective Clause Using When
Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "When"
Without adjective clause / relative clause Using adjective clause / relative clause
We will never forget the day. My wife gave birth to my first son then (on that day). We will never forget the day when my wife gave birth to my first son.
We will never forget the day on which my wife gave birth to my first son.
We will never forget the day (that) my wife gave birth to my first son.
August is the month. The weather gets very windy then (in August). August is the month when the weather gets very windy.
August is the month in which the weather gets very windy.
August is the month (that) the weather gets very windy.
Notes:
•"When" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan waktu.
•Jika "when" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan waktu (seperti in, on, at) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)
Want to learn more about Adjective Clause?
Untuk mengetahui apakah penulisan adjective clause harus menggunakan koma "," atau tidak, baca "Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)".
Untuk mengetahui posisi adjective clause sebagai testing point dalam test TOEFL, baca Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point.
Read more: http://www.misterguru.web.id/2011/09/adjective-clause-relative-clause.html#ixzz1sLP9DMML
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